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全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试 卫生类A级模拟题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.
A) unforgettable
B) unbelievable
C) unfair
D) unthinkable
2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.
A) difficult
B) worried
C) anxious
D) unhappy
3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.
A) pulled down
B) rebuilt
C) renovated
D) whitewashed
4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.
A) delayed
B) quick
C) positive
D) unfavorable
5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.
A) long and detailed
B) short and clear
C) comprehensive
D) professional
6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.
A) efficient
B) respectable
C) well-informed
C) respectful
7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.
A) simply useless
B) really practical
B) very little
D) extremely useful
8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.
A) reasonable
B) sensible
C) crazy
D) unbelievable
9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
A) extremely thorough
B) long and boring
C) superficial
D) unconvincing
10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.
A) effective
B) clever
C) implausible
D) original
11. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.
A) competitive
B) diligent
C) qualified
D) competent
12 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.
A) hot-tempered
B) healthy
C) friendly
D) patient
13. Not all member States abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.
A) adhered to
B) abandoned
C) applied
D) adopted
14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.
A) immediately
B) correctly
C) fairly
D) carefully
15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.
A) resumed
B) put an end to
C) suspended
D) re-scheduled
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把Ｃ涂黑。
Because headaches are a part of almost all of our lives, people with chronic headaches sometimes don’t realize that they may need to see a doctor. They tend to believe, incorrectly, that their headaches are like everyone else’s and they will only be “ bothering (打扰，麻烦)” the doctor.
“ When should somebody seek medical help for headaches?” neurologist Seymour Diamond asks rhetorically (提出问题进行探讨)。Generally, whenever headaches are associated with neurological signs, such as dizziness (头晕)，weakness in a limb or limbs, vision impairment of any sort--- including seeing flashing lights --- they warrant (应受) immediate attention. Additionally, Diamond says that you should seek medical attention:
If you suffer from almost daily headaches;
If the headache is a type you’ve never had before, or there has been a change in the character （特征）of the headache;
If you’re losing time from work or activities, or otherwise being prevented from functioning.
Even if your headaches are less dramatic than those described here, if they are a real problem to you, you should seek help. It may be that your doctor will be unable to find a physical cause for your discomfort, but that may point you in other directions to find relief. Some headaches, particularly those caused by tension, have a major psychological component that might be relieved through counseling (走向，指导)。
16. People with chronic headaches never realize that they need to see a doctor.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
17. Headaches have become increasingly difficult to treat.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
18. They tend to believe that they will not be welcomed by the doctor if they go to see him.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
19. Headaches are never associated with dizziness and weakness in a limb or limbs.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
20. If you suffer from almost daily headaches, you should seek medical attention.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
21. If there is a change in the character of the headache, you should not go to see a doctor.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
22. Any drug that combats the headaches is a great step forward.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. Antibiotics are drugs produced by certain microbes. Antibiotic substances are obtained from bacteria and fungi that live in the air, soil and water. Most antibiotics are used by physicians to fight various diseases caused by harmful microbes. A few are used to treat certain cancers. Antibiotics are sometimes called “ wonder drugs” because they can cure many diseases that once were often fatal. The number of deaths that are caused by pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined drastically since people began using antibiotics.
2. There are more than 70 clinically useful antibiotics. Antibiotics fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interfering with their normal cell processes. In most cases, this interference can occur in one of three ways: prevention of cell wall formation, disruption of the cell membrane and disruption of chemical processes.
3. The contents of bacterial cells are enclosed in a membrane that is surrounded by a rigid wall that prevents the cells from splitting open. Penicillin and some other antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by hindering the formation of this wall. Human cells do not have nor need rigid cell walls and so are not damaged by these antibiotics.
4. Some antibiotics, including nystatin, disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes. This membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. If the membrane is disrupted, vital nutrients may escape from the cell or poisonous substances may enter and kill the cell. But the membranes of human cells are not affected because these antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells.
5. A. Antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by preventing the formation of the walls surrounding the membranes of the microbial cells that prevent the cells from splitting open.
B.More than 70 clinically useful antibiotics have been invented to fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interacting with their normal cell processes.
C.Human cells are not surrounded by a membrane.
D.Some antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes, letting vital nutrients to escape from the cell or poisonous substances to enter and kill the cell.
E.Nystatin is used to disrupt the wall surrounding the membrane.
F.Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells.
All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids, which are vital to the life of any organism. Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with the chemical processes by which these substances are produced. For example, streptomycin prevent certain kinds of microbes from producing proteins, and rifampin interferes with the formation of nucleic acids. Human cells produce proteins and nucleic acids in much the same way that microbial cells do. But these processes differ enough so that some antibiotics interfere with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells.
23. Paragraph 2________.
24. Paragraph 3. _______.
25. Paragraph 4. _______.
26. Paragraph 5. ________.
27. Antibiotics cure diseases that used to be incurable, so they are sometimes called ______.
28. The number of people who died from pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined since _____.
29. The membranes of human cells can not be disrupted because _______.
30. All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids which are __________.
A.antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells.
B.people began using antibiotics.
C.wonder drugs
D.penicillin may destroy normal cells of human beings
E.vital to the life of any organism
F.disruption of the cell membrane
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January., U.S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
“We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs, “ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the university of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
31. The aim of the study is to find new ways to ________.
A. conduct research
B. track public health
C. prevent or treat illness
D. speed up development
32. Researchers will collect all the followings EXCEPT____________.
A. genetic samples from people in the study
B.Biological samples from people in the study
C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.
D. samples of air and water from hospitals.
33. It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costs ________.
A. will be lowered in the long run
B. will be significantly increased
C. will be more than $200 million
D. will reach $ 3.2 billion
34. The babies of the participants will be followed
A. throughout their lives
B. for more than two decades
C. from birth to 21 months
D. until they get married
35. Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A. They’ll be from various areas
B. They’ll be from all income levels.
C. They’ll be from all educational levels
D. They’ll be from all age groups.
第二篇
15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.
The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.
"Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association's president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.
"The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves," Ross said.
Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships," she said.
People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.
Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.
"This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on 1," Pollack said. "The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many in >
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